Sunday, September 30, 2007
Catching Up
Today I created 10 new blogs to try and catch up on my blog. Even though I haven't been keeping me up on my blog, I have done a very good job on my free reading assignment. I'm on Part 3 of Jaws. Now I need to decide whether to read the Shining or Moby Dick next. I want to read Moby Dick to see the comparisons between that and Jaws. We'll see.
Gino's Blog
I feel bad because Gino keeps saying he's sorry in his blog, but he doesn't need to. He just needs to get things done and not worry about saying he's sorry. But I'm sorry because I haven't been up to date on my blog and I'm trying to make up for that today.
Ryan's Blog
Ryan has done a nice job on his blog. He has kept it very up to date on our progress on our team. He provides lots of details on what we are doing and what we need to do. He also commented about when he and I had tension and he pointed out some things that were very true. I think the next thing we work together we should create a schedule so we each know what the other person is doing.
Studying the Migrant Workers
By studying the migrant workers, I'm learning that Homeland Security is not doing their job very well. This shows me that we need a better government or a new leader. I think we need a new President. I'm not really sure how Homeland Security can keep migrant workers out because both the United States and the migrant workers need to come to the US to work. Many of the people in the US don't want to do the jobs the migrant workers do.
I have a comment to say about the Aztecs, Mayans and Incas. Why did they need to sacrifice people? Wouldn't it have been better to just have eaten bananas?
Maybe they sacrificed people because they weren't exactly sane, but seriously they had to have a reason to do it. Maybe they sacrificed humans so that maybe something good would happen. I'm not sure if something did. It might have been a good experiment, but it seems like they were just torturing their enemies and pleasing the gods that they worshipped.
Maybe they sacrificed people because they weren't exactly sane, but seriously they had to have a reason to do it. Maybe they sacrificed humans so that maybe something good would happen. I'm not sure if something did. It might have been a good experiment, but it seems like they were just torturing their enemies and pleasing the gods that they worshipped.
Short story
I really liked the story about the old man because the way it was written made it seemed so real even though it was fictional. There were so many things that happened in the story. It basically revolved around this angel who was in a chicken coop all his life. Eventualy he goes away, but he's there for something like a century. All these different kinds of people come: a spider lady comes to town, a priest who thinks the angel is not real (which is kind of hilarious because I would expect a priest to believe in the angel), etc. The story is a really, really good story, but it is hard to describe. If you are bored, you will have fun reading this story.
Border visitor
Here are my 5 questions for our Border Patrol visitor:
- What are narcotics and why are they important?
- Are the dogs that are working in the program a specific species?
- In the process of training a border canine, what do you have to do to become a border dog?
- What are metamphetamines?
- What is the chance of a terrorist crossing the border?
Script and storyboards
What I have learned from doing the storyboards is that I need to improve on my teamwork and social skills a lot more in the future. I got frustrated and yelled at my team members. While we sorted things out in the end, I wish this hadn't happened during the course of our work. We're a better team now and I understand more than I used to.
Happy Migrant Worker?
I chose this image because I think this photo is a set up. I don't believe this worker is that happy. He is smiling, but I don't believe he is happy.
Wednesday, September 12, 2007
US economic dependence on migrant workers notes
New articles
U.S. agriculture dependent on migrant workers
http://www.reuters.com/article/consumerproducts-SP-A/idUSN1526113420070724
· Latinos are doing all the labor-intensive crop work even a sthe US grapples with the fallout of a failed attempt to overhaul immigration policy
· US agriculture is totally dependent on migrant labor.
· “If the Mexican farm laborers all went back tomorrow, the US farm system would collapse,” said Bobbie Brown, a crop farmer in the lower Rio Grande Valley along the Texas/Mexico border.
· The industry view is that Mexico has the labor, Mexicans need the work, and Americans don’t want to do these jobs. So some kind of immigration reform is required.
· Industry officials maintain that the labor shortage is worsening because the children of migrant workers are enjoying the life their parents toiled for.
Mexico Dangerously Dependent On Flight of Migrant Workers to America http://www.watchingamerica.com/lajornada000007.html
· Export of manual laborers is recorded by the Fox (Mexico’s) government as “change” and as though it were a “success” of its social and labor policies.
· In the last 4 ½ years Mexico has received 52 billion dollars in reminttances.
· The questions is if Mexico has enough money to promote community development and generate jobs, why are they “exporting” their people to the US?
· Immigrants represent 3.5% of all manual labor in the US; in agriculture immigrants are 25% of the manual labor.
· Latin America and the Caribbean received the largest volume of remittances.
Transient Servitude: The U.S. Guest Worker Program for Exploiting Mexican and Central American Workers http://www.monthlyreview.org/0107vogel.htm
· Almost 80% of the total of unauthorized migrants from all over the world that reside and work in the US are from Mexico and other Latin American (primarily Central American) countries.
· The manpower demand produced by the First World War led to the active recruitment of laborers in Mexico.
· The institutionalization of Mexican workers as a reserve labor pool for US capitalism has produced waves of migration to the North which has eventually led to deportation waves also.
Farmers in Colorado Struggle with Labor Shortagehttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec07/farmers_08-20.html
· Many of the farmers have cut back roughly 50 percent of what they would normally produce. And that’s because they’re expecting about 50 percent of the available labor that they’re used to having, and there’s no sense in putting a lot of investment into the land, into the crops, and only getting half of it back.
· My worst fear is to lose a percent, significant percent of my people in the middle of narvest. And because our income—70 percent of my income is generated in six weeks. And if that falls apart, there’s no way to recoup that.” Colorado farmer
· So last year farmers brought in more than 59,000 agricultural works from outside the US legally. Farmers have to pay the government to bring in these workers.
Channeling the Remittance Flood
http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/dec2005/nf20051228_4272.htm
· Ramirez is one of an estimated 11 million workers living in the US – some legally and some illegally—who are expected to send a record $20 billion to Mexico, a 20% increase over last year.
· As a whole, Latin America and the Caribbean have an estimated 25 million citizens living abroad, of whom some 20 million send home $2500 a year on average.
· A group of 100 Hondurans living in New York formed the New Horizons Investment Club, which invests in the stock market and busy Bronx rental properties. The club uses the proceeds to develop job-creating tourism projects in their Honduran Atlantic-coast hometown.
· As Mexican families have fewer children, the number of young workers who will journey north of the US border will start declining over the next 10 years.
Article: US helped create migrant flow; labor demands of two world wars; NAFTA inequities drew workers borders (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_41_42/ai_n17093151/print)
· US is responsible for today’s immigration flow
· Inconsistent immigration policies over the past century combined with significant US involvement in shaping Mexico’s economic policies have much to do with the current immigration crisis
· In the late 1880s, the US began recruiting workers from Mexico to fuel the growth of the railroad, agriculture and mining
· While we try to keep migrant workers out, the labor shortage over the last 10 years pulls them in
· NAFTA gave the promise that Mexico would be able to export goods and not people, but that has not happened
· Mexico’s growth rate under NAFTA has been half what it was supposed to be so people have to come to the US for work
Migrant workers aid growth at home (http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/l/hi/business/4349979.s)
· Mexican laborer Antonio Villalobos sends $150 to his family in Mexico each week. His family relies on this money.
· This money, and money send home by all migrant workers, helps to find the war on poverty in Mexico.
· The Mexican government is trying a plan where they match every $1 contributed back into the Mexican economy with $3, but much of the money seems to get lost to fee-charging financiers and the money is not used well.
· The US requires that workers in the US carry an identification card in order to transfer money back into Mexico. Many workers are afraid to carry these id cards but this just increases the dependence of the workers on the US
Dirt-cheap day labor (http://articles/moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/SaveMoney/DirtCheapDay/Labor.asp)
· There are many jobs considered too small to attract contractors and there’s a ready pool of cheap labor in the form of migrant workers.
· This creates an underground economy. One day last year there were 117,600 day laborers working or looking for jobs at 500 sites. ¾ of them were undocumented workers.
Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective by Douglas Massey
· Economic development is the application of capital to raise human productivity, generate wealth and increase national increase.
· Economic growth depends not only on amounts of labor and capital, but also on institutional, cultural and technological factors that determine how labor and capital are used.
· Immigration from developing countries stems from a lack of economic development within these developing countries.
· To control immigration, need to promote economic development in these countries.
Towards a fair deal for migrant workers in the global economy (http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public---dgreporte/---acomm/documents/meetingdocument/ka0096.pdf)
· Trade, like migration, involves the movement of labor since good traded include labor so some economists look at trade as a substitute for migration.
· Migration though may have a perverse impact on trade because if it raises the exchange rate then the countries might decide to reduce exports and increase imports.
· NAFTA may have led to greater, not less, migration between the United States and Mexico.
CRS Report for Congress (http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf)
· Mexico has over 100 million people and a free market economy.
· Economic conditions in Mexico are important to the US because of the close trade and investment interactions and because of other social and political issues like immigration which are affected by economic conditions.
· Because of NAFTA, the economic relationship between the US and Mexico has strengthened.
The Value of Undocumented Workers (http://www.ailf.org/ipc.policy_reports_2002_value.asp)
· The US has relied on Mexican migrant workers to fill domestic labor shortages in nearly every area of US commerce for nearly a century.
· US economic progress and stability can be greatly enhanced by the contributions of immigrant labor.
· A mid-range estimate of 7.8 million total undocumented workers in the US, says that 4.5 million are from Mexico, while the remaining 3.3 million are of other nationalities.
· B Lindsay Lowell, director of research at the Pew Hispanic Center, calculates that there are nearly 5 million undocumented workers in the US economy. He believes that these estimates prove immigrant workers to be a very substantial presence in sectors where they are concentrated. More than a million unauthorized works are employed in manufacturing and a similar number in the service industry. More than 600,000 work in construction and more than 700,000 in restaurants.
· 1 to 1.4 million are employed in agriculture
Migration Information Source (http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/print.cfm?!D=638)
· The number of migrant workers in the unions have increased and unions now support proimmigrant policies.
· Nearly 1 in 10 foreign-born wage and salary workers was a union member in 2006.
· This number increased to 15.4 percent in 2006.
· The number of foreign born has increased 30 percent while the number of native born union workers has declined 9 percent.
Economic consequences of migration (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights)
· Immigration increases productivity versus immigration has an adverse effect on the economy.
· Unraveling the consequences of immigration on the economy is a very difficult task; there often is not enough good evidence.
· Migrant workers compete with local workers and migrant workers are often willing to accept lower wages, etc. and these wages are often for jobs local workers don’t want to do
· Immigrants not only occupy jobs, they also create them
· If they perform domestic labor, they can actually help local labor get jobs.
· Being willing to accept lower wages actually helps some companies stay in business.
· More migrant workers raise the consumption level which raises the economy.
Migration and Global Economics (Interfaith US Trade Justice Campaign)
· NAFTA has caused an increase in immigration
· If immigrants did not perform the job functions they do, the US economy would not be able to function
U.S. agriculture dependent on migrant workers
http://www.reuters.com/article/consumerproducts-SP-A/idUSN1526113420070724
· Latinos are doing all the labor-intensive crop work even a sthe US grapples with the fallout of a failed attempt to overhaul immigration policy
· US agriculture is totally dependent on migrant labor.
· “If the Mexican farm laborers all went back tomorrow, the US farm system would collapse,” said Bobbie Brown, a crop farmer in the lower Rio Grande Valley along the Texas/Mexico border.
· The industry view is that Mexico has the labor, Mexicans need the work, and Americans don’t want to do these jobs. So some kind of immigration reform is required.
· Industry officials maintain that the labor shortage is worsening because the children of migrant workers are enjoying the life their parents toiled for.
Mexico Dangerously Dependent On Flight of Migrant Workers to America http://www.watchingamerica.com/lajornada000007.html
· Export of manual laborers is recorded by the Fox (Mexico’s) government as “change” and as though it were a “success” of its social and labor policies.
· In the last 4 ½ years Mexico has received 52 billion dollars in reminttances.
· The questions is if Mexico has enough money to promote community development and generate jobs, why are they “exporting” their people to the US?
· Immigrants represent 3.5% of all manual labor in the US; in agriculture immigrants are 25% of the manual labor.
· Latin America and the Caribbean received the largest volume of remittances.
Transient Servitude: The U.S. Guest Worker Program for Exploiting Mexican and Central American Workers http://www.monthlyreview.org/0107vogel.htm
· Almost 80% of the total of unauthorized migrants from all over the world that reside and work in the US are from Mexico and other Latin American (primarily Central American) countries.
· The manpower demand produced by the First World War led to the active recruitment of laborers in Mexico.
· The institutionalization of Mexican workers as a reserve labor pool for US capitalism has produced waves of migration to the North which has eventually led to deportation waves also.
Farmers in Colorado Struggle with Labor Shortagehttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec07/farmers_08-20.html
· Many of the farmers have cut back roughly 50 percent of what they would normally produce. And that’s because they’re expecting about 50 percent of the available labor that they’re used to having, and there’s no sense in putting a lot of investment into the land, into the crops, and only getting half of it back.
· My worst fear is to lose a percent, significant percent of my people in the middle of narvest. And because our income—70 percent of my income is generated in six weeks. And if that falls apart, there’s no way to recoup that.” Colorado farmer
· So last year farmers brought in more than 59,000 agricultural works from outside the US legally. Farmers have to pay the government to bring in these workers.
Channeling the Remittance Flood
http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/dec2005/nf20051228_4272.htm
· Ramirez is one of an estimated 11 million workers living in the US – some legally and some illegally—who are expected to send a record $20 billion to Mexico, a 20% increase over last year.
· As a whole, Latin America and the Caribbean have an estimated 25 million citizens living abroad, of whom some 20 million send home $2500 a year on average.
· A group of 100 Hondurans living in New York formed the New Horizons Investment Club, which invests in the stock market and busy Bronx rental properties. The club uses the proceeds to develop job-creating tourism projects in their Honduran Atlantic-coast hometown.
· As Mexican families have fewer children, the number of young workers who will journey north of the US border will start declining over the next 10 years.
Article: US helped create migrant flow; labor demands of two world wars; NAFTA inequities drew workers borders (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_41_42/ai_n17093151/print)
· US is responsible for today’s immigration flow
· Inconsistent immigration policies over the past century combined with significant US involvement in shaping Mexico’s economic policies have much to do with the current immigration crisis
· In the late 1880s, the US began recruiting workers from Mexico to fuel the growth of the railroad, agriculture and mining
· While we try to keep migrant workers out, the labor shortage over the last 10 years pulls them in
· NAFTA gave the promise that Mexico would be able to export goods and not people, but that has not happened
· Mexico’s growth rate under NAFTA has been half what it was supposed to be so people have to come to the US for work
Migrant workers aid growth at home (http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/l/hi/business/4349979.s)
· Mexican laborer Antonio Villalobos sends $150 to his family in Mexico each week. His family relies on this money.
· This money, and money send home by all migrant workers, helps to find the war on poverty in Mexico.
· The Mexican government is trying a plan where they match every $1 contributed back into the Mexican economy with $3, but much of the money seems to get lost to fee-charging financiers and the money is not used well.
· The US requires that workers in the US carry an identification card in order to transfer money back into Mexico. Many workers are afraid to carry these id cards but this just increases the dependence of the workers on the US
Dirt-cheap day labor (http://articles/moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/SaveMoney/DirtCheapDay/Labor.asp)
· There are many jobs considered too small to attract contractors and there’s a ready pool of cheap labor in the form of migrant workers.
· This creates an underground economy. One day last year there were 117,600 day laborers working or looking for jobs at 500 sites. ¾ of them were undocumented workers.
Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective by Douglas Massey
· Economic development is the application of capital to raise human productivity, generate wealth and increase national increase.
· Economic growth depends not only on amounts of labor and capital, but also on institutional, cultural and technological factors that determine how labor and capital are used.
· Immigration from developing countries stems from a lack of economic development within these developing countries.
· To control immigration, need to promote economic development in these countries.
Towards a fair deal for migrant workers in the global economy (http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public---dgreporte/---acomm/documents/meetingdocument/ka0096.pdf)
· Trade, like migration, involves the movement of labor since good traded include labor so some economists look at trade as a substitute for migration.
· Migration though may have a perverse impact on trade because if it raises the exchange rate then the countries might decide to reduce exports and increase imports.
· NAFTA may have led to greater, not less, migration between the United States and Mexico.
CRS Report for Congress (http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf)
· Mexico has over 100 million people and a free market economy.
· Economic conditions in Mexico are important to the US because of the close trade and investment interactions and because of other social and political issues like immigration which are affected by economic conditions.
· Because of NAFTA, the economic relationship between the US and Mexico has strengthened.
The Value of Undocumented Workers (http://www.ailf.org/ipc.policy_reports_2002_value.asp)
· The US has relied on Mexican migrant workers to fill domestic labor shortages in nearly every area of US commerce for nearly a century.
· US economic progress and stability can be greatly enhanced by the contributions of immigrant labor.
· A mid-range estimate of 7.8 million total undocumented workers in the US, says that 4.5 million are from Mexico, while the remaining 3.3 million are of other nationalities.
· B Lindsay Lowell, director of research at the Pew Hispanic Center, calculates that there are nearly 5 million undocumented workers in the US economy. He believes that these estimates prove immigrant workers to be a very substantial presence in sectors where they are concentrated. More than a million unauthorized works are employed in manufacturing and a similar number in the service industry. More than 600,000 work in construction and more than 700,000 in restaurants.
· 1 to 1.4 million are employed in agriculture
Migration Information Source (http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/print.cfm?!D=638)
· The number of migrant workers in the unions have increased and unions now support proimmigrant policies.
· Nearly 1 in 10 foreign-born wage and salary workers was a union member in 2006.
· This number increased to 15.4 percent in 2006.
· The number of foreign born has increased 30 percent while the number of native born union workers has declined 9 percent.
Economic consequences of migration (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights)
· Immigration increases productivity versus immigration has an adverse effect on the economy.
· Unraveling the consequences of immigration on the economy is a very difficult task; there often is not enough good evidence.
· Migrant workers compete with local workers and migrant workers are often willing to accept lower wages, etc. and these wages are often for jobs local workers don’t want to do
· Immigrants not only occupy jobs, they also create them
· If they perform domestic labor, they can actually help local labor get jobs.
· Being willing to accept lower wages actually helps some companies stay in business.
· More migrant workers raise the consumption level which raises the economy.
Migration and Global Economics (Interfaith US Trade Justice Campaign)
· NAFTA has caused an increase in immigration
· If immigrants did not perform the job functions they do, the US economy would not be able to function
Saturday, September 8, 2007
Economic dependence of the U.S. on migrant workers
New articles:
U.S. agriculture dependent on migrant workers http://www.reuters.com/article/consumerproducts-SP-A/idUSN1526113420070724 Mexico Dangerously Dependent On Flight of Migrant Workers to America http://www.watchingamerica.com/lajornada000007.html Transient Servitude: The U.S. Guest Worker Program for Exploiting Mexican and Central American Workers http://www.monthlyreview.org/0107vogel.htm Farmers in Colorado Struggle with Labor Shortage http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec07/farmers_08-20.html Channeling the Remittance Flood http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/dec2005/nf20051228_4272.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4349979.stm
http://www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/2001eng/chap.6a.htm
http://www.tradejusticeusa.org/archives/newsletter02-06.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States
http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/
http://www.ailf.org/ipc/policy_reports_2002_value.asp
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/meetingdocument/kd00096.pdf
http://popindex.princeton.edu/browse/v61/n3/k.html
U.S. agriculture dependent on migrant workers http://www.reuters.com/article/consumerproducts-SP-A/idUSN1526113420070724 Mexico Dangerously Dependent On Flight of Migrant Workers to America http://www.watchingamerica.com/lajornada000007.html Transient Servitude: The U.S. Guest Worker Program for Exploiting Mexican and Central American Workers http://www.monthlyreview.org/0107vogel.htm Farmers in Colorado Struggle with Labor Shortage http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec07/farmers_08-20.html Channeling the Remittance Flood http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/dec2005/nf20051228_4272.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4349979.stm
http://www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/2001eng/chap.6a.htm
http://www.tradejusticeusa.org/archives/newsletter02-06.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States
http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/
http://www.ailf.org/ipc/policy_reports_2002_value.asp
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/meetingdocument/kd00096.pdf
http://popindex.princeton.edu/browse/v61/n3/k.html
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1141/is_41_42/ai_n17093151
http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/SavingandDebt/SaveMoney/DirtCheapDayLabor.aspx?page=all
Inca Bola--weapon
The bola is a throwing weapon that has been used by the Incas and other civilization. They are even used today to rope cattle, but the bolas were in battle by the Incas to either ring someone around the neck or trip them. If used correctly, the bola can actually kill someone.
The basic bola was made of a fiber like leather and most likely rocks. The Incas couldn't use just any rocks. All the rocks had to be the same. Some bolas can have up to 8 strings and 8 rocks. The strings of leather are all the same length--about 60 cm. The Incas tied them together at one end, securely. At the other end of each string, a rock was tied. The rock needed to be tied on securely.
The Inca help the bola by the common knot at the top and spun the bola around their head before releasing it. None of the rocks should touch each other while they are being spun. Then the Incas aimed the bola at their target. The weight of each rock acted like a Frisbee and if thrown correctly, would wrap around the neck, the legs or body of their victim. The Incas either tried to trip or kill their enemies with the bola.
The basic bola was made of a fiber like leather and most likely rocks. The Incas couldn't use just any rocks. All the rocks had to be the same. Some bolas can have up to 8 strings and 8 rocks. The strings of leather are all the same length--about 60 cm. The Incas tied them together at one end, securely. At the other end of each string, a rock was tied. The rock needed to be tied on securely.
The Inca help the bola by the common knot at the top and spun the bola around their head before releasing it. None of the rocks should touch each other while they are being spun. Then the Incas aimed the bola at their target. The weight of each rock acted like a Frisbee and if thrown correctly, would wrap around the neck, the legs or body of their victim. The Incas either tried to trip or kill their enemies with the bola.
Incas Expansion and Conquest
What approximate dates marked the height of this civilization's growth?
--Incas migrate to Peru from the Andes (c. 1200 A.D.)
--Incan Empire expands from northern Ecuador to Chile (c. 1300 A.D.)
--Inca Rocca founds Henan Cuzco dynasty (c. 1350 A.D.)
expansion of the Inca empire begins under Pachacuti (c. 1438 A.D.)
--Huayna Capac dies and divides his empire between his two sons, Atahuallpa and Huascar (1523 A.D.)
--Civil war wages between Atahuallpa and Huascar (1525-1532 A.D.)
--Atahuallpa defeats Huascar (1532 A.D.)
--Spaniards, led by Francisco Pizarro, capture Atahuallpa (1532 A.D.)
--Atahuallpa is executed (1533 A.D.)
--Manco is appointed as a puppet ruler of the Inca by Pizarro (1533 A.D.)
--Manco rebels and drives the Spanish from Cuzco (1536 A.D.)
How did this civilization develop and grow in strength?
There were four emperors who were known to be the great conquerors for Inca civilization. Their names are Inca Viracochn, Pachacuti-Inca Yupanqui, Topa Inca Yupanqui and Huaya Capac. The first one is important because he gave birth to the next one and started the expansion. His son, Pachacuti, was one of the great conquerors in the history of the Americas. He and his son together became the most powerful by building their kingdom by conquering many lands. He was also a very good architect and good at planning cities.
They started from their capital, Cuzco, which was their base and had a great economy. They took control of Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina, Chile and Equator--most of western South America, but there were problems. Eventually the Spanish came along and conquered them because they did not have the weapon power that the Spanish did. Their civilization only lasted about 100 years.
What factors contributed to the conquest of this civilization over other indigenous tribes?
The Incas were able to conquer other tribes because they were warriors and they were constantly at war with the other tribes. Plus Cuzco's economy and ironworks helped them to be stronger than the other tribes. They were a lot more advanced than the other tribes. They had hydraulic engineering. They also had over six million people at the height of their civilization. As they conquered, they formed a government and a language so they were very organized. As their civilization advanced, they pushed their conquests until the ruled a lot of South America.
Which tribes were conquered or absorbed by it?
The Incas conquered the following tribes:
--Incas migrate to Peru from the Andes (c. 1200 A.D.)
--Incan Empire expands from northern Ecuador to Chile (c. 1300 A.D.)
--Inca Rocca founds Henan Cuzco dynasty (c. 1350 A.D.)
expansion of the Inca empire begins under Pachacuti (c. 1438 A.D.)
--Huayna Capac dies and divides his empire between his two sons, Atahuallpa and Huascar (1523 A.D.)
--Civil war wages between Atahuallpa and Huascar (1525-1532 A.D.)
--Atahuallpa defeats Huascar (1532 A.D.)
--Spaniards, led by Francisco Pizarro, capture Atahuallpa (1532 A.D.)
--Atahuallpa is executed (1533 A.D.)
--Manco is appointed as a puppet ruler of the Inca by Pizarro (1533 A.D.)
--Manco rebels and drives the Spanish from Cuzco (1536 A.D.)
How did this civilization develop and grow in strength?
There were four emperors who were known to be the great conquerors for Inca civilization. Their names are Inca Viracochn, Pachacuti-Inca Yupanqui, Topa Inca Yupanqui and Huaya Capac. The first one is important because he gave birth to the next one and started the expansion. His son, Pachacuti, was one of the great conquerors in the history of the Americas. He and his son together became the most powerful by building their kingdom by conquering many lands. He was also a very good architect and good at planning cities.
They started from their capital, Cuzco, which was their base and had a great economy. They took control of Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina, Chile and Equator--most of western South America, but there were problems. Eventually the Spanish came along and conquered them because they did not have the weapon power that the Spanish did. Their civilization only lasted about 100 years.
What factors contributed to the conquest of this civilization over other indigenous tribes?
The Incas were able to conquer other tribes because they were warriors and they were constantly at war with the other tribes. Plus Cuzco's economy and ironworks helped them to be stronger than the other tribes. They were a lot more advanced than the other tribes. They had hydraulic engineering. They also had over six million people at the height of their civilization. As they conquered, they formed a government and a language so they were very organized. As their civilization advanced, they pushed their conquests until the ruled a lot of South America.
Which tribes were conquered or absorbed by it?
The Incas conquered the following tribes:
- The Kollas
- The Lupacas
- The Chancas
- The Chimus
- Ecuador, Columbia, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Northern Argentia
Bibliography
http://www.crystalinks.com/incan.html
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/topics/war.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/5058/incaart.htm
http://incas/perucultural.org.pe/english/hissurg6a.htm
http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/precolumbionrel5.htm
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